Test Lab Archives - PISÉO https://piseo.fr/en/tag/test-lab/ Design and Characterization of Innovative Optical Systems Tue, 10 Sep 2024 12:50:28 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://piseo.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/cropped-minioeilpiseo2-1-90x90.png Test Lab Archives - PISÉO https://piseo.fr/en/tag/test-lab/ 32 32 Radiometric measurements in the UV https://piseo.fr/en/optical-laboratory/photometry-laboratory/radiometric-measurements-in-the-uv/ Tue, 29 Sep 2020 14:37:17 +0000 https://piseo.fr/?p=4413 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is included in the part of the light spectrum ranging from 200nm to 380nm. They are more energetic than the radiation emitted in the visible. Also, depending on the wavelength used, their applications can be very varied: disinfection, polymerization, tanning … However, these rays are dangerous for the human body and can […]

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]]> Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is included in the part of the light spectrum ranging from 200nm to 380nm. They are more energetic than the radiation emitted in the visible. Also, depending on the wavelength used, their applications can be very varied: disinfection, polymerization, tanning …

However, these rays are dangerous for the human body and can deteriorate materials. It is therefore necessary to have a good understanding of UV radiation by carrying out measurements on the light sources and devices that integrate them.

spectre UV

UV measurements

Radiometric measurements carried out in a reliable and impartial manner thus make it possible to know precisely the radiation emitted and to determine the performance of devices operating in the UV.

In this context, the PISEO lab offers the following radiometric measurements and analyzes:

– measurement of the UV-A, UV-B and UV-C spectrum

– irradiance measurement (Wopt / cm2) on a surface at a given distance of 250nm to 380nm

– mapping of irradiance on a surface at different distances

– calculation of energy doses (J / cm2) at a given distance and time

Equipments :

– UV-C power probe and optometer Gigahertz optik (UV-3726-4 / X1-1 V-02): 250nm-290nm

– CAS 140D Instrument System spectroradiometer: 300nm-1100nm

– OST 300 Everfine radiometric bench: 200nm-1600nm

UV measurements

“UV-C LEDs at the time of Covid-19”

Following the exceptional crisis linked to the appearance of Covid-19 (Coronavirus), disinfection to fight contagion has become a real subject. Moreover, UV-C radiation can destroy this virus, just like other coronaviruses.

Thus, PISEO has published a report providing a complete description of the UV-C LED technology, its implementation in systems, market and much more.

PISEO experts present in particular:

– an analysis of the offer of UV-C LED manufacturers,

– the performance and price evolution prospects of these light sources,

-the methodology to be followed to design and qualify efficient disinfection devices,

-a deep analysis of the applicable regulations,

-an analysis of the application needs expressed in terms of doses to be applied according to the microorganisms to be destroyed.

UV-C LED

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]]> “À la carte” tests https://piseo.fr/en/optical-laboratory/photometry-laboratory/a-la-carte-tests/ Mon, 06 Jul 2020 14:02:26 +0000 https://piseo.fr/?p=2845 Are you currently developing or modifying an optical or LED lighting product and want to quickly carry out series of tests for its development?We offer to carry out tests (optical, photometric, etc.) à la carte in your presence to carry out a maximum of tests in a minimum of time. Nothing is easier : Laboratory […]

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]]> Are you currently developing or modifying an optical or LED lighting product and want to quickly carry out series of tests for its development?
We offer to carry out tests (optical, photometric, etc.) à la carte in your presence to carry out a maximum of tests in a minimum of time.

Nothing is easier :

  • You make an appointment for a day or half-day of laboratory tests with our staff and in your presence.
  • You come on the appointed day with your samples to be tested and have all the tests you want carried out by our staff.
  • You can therefore interact directly based on the test results and vary the parameters you want.
test lab

Laboratory equipment at your disposal

  • Goniophotometry
  • Spectral and colorimetric analyzes under variable current and temperature conditions
  • Thermal analyzes using IR camera and thermocouples
  • Electrical analysis
  • Luminance maps

These tests do not allow you to submit an accredited report.

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]]> Characterization of phosphorescent devices https://piseo.fr/en/optical-laboratory/characterization-of-phosphorescent-devices/ Mon, 06 Jul 2020 09:59:30 +0000 https://piseo.fr/?p=2780 Phosphorescent materials have the particularity of emitting light during a period of time which depends on their nature and duration of exposure to light radiation. PISEO has test facilities to characterize the luminance, its decreasing over time, the persistence time, the spectral composition and the color of products incorporating phosphorescent materials (textiles, paints, concretes …). […]

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]]> Phosphorescent materials have the particularity of emitting light during a period of time which depends on their nature and duration of exposure to light radiation.

PISEO has test facilities to characterize the luminance, its decreasing over time, the persistence time, the spectral composition and the color of products incorporating phosphorescent materials (textiles, paints, concretes …).

These characterizations allow PISEO’s customers to know precisely the performance of their products and thus to value them.

Measurements

To emit light, a product loaded with luminescent material must have been previously exposed to a dose of light (energy).This dose can be provided by sunlight or by an artificial light source whose emission spectrum and duration should be known to produce the expected visual effect on the product (luminance, color, remanence).

In addition to the applied radiation dose, the chemical composition and quantity of the phosphorescent materials contained in the products will be determinant for the desired effect.

PISEO has expertise in optics to develop specific artificial light sources based on monochromatic LED able to produce the energy radiation necessary to activate the phosphorescent phenomenon. In particular, PISEO has developed a test bench that combines a module equipped with UV LED and D65 LED and associated with a luminance camera. This device allows to simulate the light of day and to apply to the samples tested the desired energy doses and then to characterize the variation of the brightness levels (luminance) over time up to “the extinction”.

The device allows to carry out product benchmarks with a regular recording of the measure luminance after the application of variable energy doses according to the needs of the Customer.

Thanks to their knowledge of luminescent materials and the characterization of illumination systems, PISEO experts can also assist the Customer in defining the test program, in interpreting the results obtained and, if necessary, in improving the performance of the tested products through consulting on material formulation.

phosphorescent

Note: Luminous decreasing are always compared regardless of the perception of the eye, but a red emission will be perceived much shorter than a green emission. The measurement of the luminance makes it possible to account for this physiological aspect. The luminance measurements realized by PISEO are based on the French standard NF X 08-050-1 Part 1.

Spectral and colorimetric measurements

Spectral and colorimetric measurements can also be done on samples using an Instrument Systems CAS 140 spectroradiometer.

Equipments

WESTBORO PHOTONICS 5Mpx P501F camera:

Westboro camera

Instrument Systems CAS 140 Spectroradiometer :

Luminescent material measurements
Benchtop spectrophotometer

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]]> Benchmarks of LED, image sensors and finished products https://piseo.fr/en/optical-laboratory/photometry-laboratory/benchmarks-of-led-image-sensors-and-finished-products/ Mon, 06 Jul 2020 08:29:59 +0000 https://piseo.fr/?p=2764 We independently carry out benchmarks of performance and product quality. Objectives The product comparison programs make it possible to know the performance of the products analyzed in a precise and objective way and to compare them. These programs are based on IEC performance standards and PISEO competencies. They are particularly suited to the distribution market. […]

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]]> We independently carry out benchmarks of performance and product quality.

Objectives

The product comparison programs make it possible to know the performance of the products analyzed in a precise and objective way and to compare them. These programs are based on IEC performance standards and PISEO competencies. They are particularly suited to the distribution market.

Analyzed parameters

  • Photometry and colorimetry
  • Energetic efficiency
  • Efficiency class Power
  • Power Factor
  • Endurance (specific protocol PISEO)

Technical means

The use technical means used are those of PISEO test lab.

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]]> Photobiological risk evaluation NF EN62471 https://piseo.fr/en/optical-laboratory/photometry-laboratory/photobiological-risk-evaluation-en62471/ Mon, 06 Jul 2020 07:58:59 +0000 https://piseo.fr/?p=2759 The assessment of the photobiological risk (NF EN62471 & IECTR 62778) of light sources and devices using them is one of the mandatory requirements imposed by the European Commission to ensure the safety of products and people. Required by various European directives, the assessment of photobiological risk is part of the CE marking of products […]

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]]> The assessment of the photobiological risk (NF EN62471 & IECTR 62778) of light sources and devices using them is one of the mandatory requirements imposed by the European Commission to ensure the safety of products and people. Required by various European directives, the assessment of photobiological risk is part of the CE marking of products marketed in Europe.

All products are concerned: lighting, toys, medical devices, etc.
Manufacturers and marketers of products integrating light sources must therefore assess the level of associated risk according to standard NF EN 62471 and, where applicable, taking into account the additional requirements of IEC TR 62778 for lighting devices. LED lighting.

The safety standards for luminaires, LED modules and LED lamps refer to this last document for the assessment of the risk to blue light.

Accredited for measurements according to NF EN62471 and IEC TR 62778

The protocol implemented by PISEO complies with the NF EN 62471 standard. This allows the classification of the product studied according to 4 risk groups ranging from 0 to 3 for lighting devices but also LED optical systems.

The term “photobiological hazard” refers to the potential of LED light to injure the eye, particularly at the extreme ends of the visible spectrum.

On the blue end of the visible spectrum, the risks are with UV light, while on the red side it will be more with infrared light.

Several criteria are taken into account for the measurement result and in particular those concerning the risks for the skin and the eyes: exposure of the skin, exposure of the surface of the eye (cornea, conjunctiva and lenses), as well as the exposure of the retina in the posterior part of the eye.

risque photobiologique NF EN 62471

Measuring equipment to assess photobiological risk

EVERFINE OST-300 radiometric bench

The measurements are carried out on a radiometric measurement bench entirely dedicated to photobiological risk assessment.

This bench can perform all the measurements required by the NF EN62471 and IEC TR62778 standards for ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation.

PISÉO has chosen to work only with state-of-the-art equipment whose manufacturers enjoy worldwide renown.

Our measuring equipment is frequently calibrated, checked and calibrated. In addition, they are implemented by qualified operators in a controlled environment (temperature, humidity, etc.). All of these parameters together ensure correct and reliable test results.

As part of the accreditation, the bench is calibrated using standard light sources connected to the International System.

Evolution in the assessment of photobiological risk with the IEC 62471-7 standard

Evolution in the assessment of photobiological risk with the IEC 62471-7 standard
The IEC 62471-7 standard evolves the risk assessment method for lighting fixtures by providing a different classification from the IEC 62471:2006 standard. It concerns light sources emitting in the visible and will eventually replace IEC TR 62778 which is of regulatory application within the framework of the IEC 60598-1 safety standard. PISÉO dedicates a complete article to this subject.

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]]> Characterization of displays and luminous surfaces https://piseo.fr/en/test-lab/characterisation-of-displays-and-luminous-surfaces/ Mon, 06 Jul 2020 07:47:28 +0000 https://piseo.fr/?p=2752 On entend par “écran” toute surface lumineuses telle que les enseignes lumineuses, claviers rétro-éclairés, pictogrammes, boutons lumineux, marquages phosphorescents, signalétique.. Ces surfaces lumineuses présentent des caractéristiques photométriques et colorimétriques mesurables. Par conséquent, caractériser un écran au moyen d’équipements adaptés permet de quantifier sa performance visuelle et de vérifier sa conformité avec la réglementation. PISÉO peut […]

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]]> On entend par “écran” toute surface lumineuses telle que les enseignes lumineuses, claviers rétro-éclairés, pictogrammes, boutons lumineux, marquages phosphorescents, signalétique..

Ces surfaces lumineuses présentent des caractéristiques photométriques et colorimétriques mesurables.

Par conséquent, caractériser un écran au moyen d’équipements adaptés permet de quantifier sa performance visuelle et de vérifier sa conformité avec la réglementation.

PISÉO peut ainsi vous proposer :

  • des mesures de luminance
  • des cartographies des luminances en 2D,
  • des mesures de distribution spectrale et colorimétriques,
  • ainsi que des mesures de flicker, réalisées en conformité avec les normes internationales.

Cartographie de luminance en 2D sur écran

La luminance, intensité lumineuse par unité de surface exprimée en cd/m², est une des caractéristiques clés du ressenti visuel lorsque l’on observe une source de lumière.

Ainsi, plus la luminance sera élevée et contrastée avec la luminosité ambiante, plus la source de lumière sera susceptible de produire un sentiment d’éblouissement et donc un inconfort visuel.

Cela est particulièrement vrai avec les appareils d’éclairage à LED. En effet, les LED peuvent présenter des luminances élevées (> 5000 cd/m²), surtout celles dont la surface d’émission lumineuse est très petite et ainsi directement visibles.

Outre la luminance ponctuelle, on s’intéressera également à luminance moyenne, à l’uniformité des luminances et aux contrastes sur l’ensemble de la surface lumineuse considérée. C’est le cas des écrans (TFT, OLED) et des autres dispositifs tels que les claviers rétro-éclairés, les interfaces homme-machine (IHM), les pictogrammes, les bandes réfléchissantes, les boutons lumineux, les pictogrammes…,

Mesure écran

Dans ce cas la caractérisation des luminances en 2D au moyen d’une caméra de luminancemétrie sera particulièrement adaptée pour mesurer de manière efficace et fiable les performances de toute surface lumineuse.

Elle permet notamment de réaliser toutes les mesures des caractéristiques de performance des normes et standards internationaux tels que IDMS, ISO 9241-305, ISO 3864-4, EN 1838…

Cet équipement qui dispose de différents objectifs et d’un logiciel d’analyse particulièrement élaboré, nous permet de tester de manière fiable et rapide vos dispositifs lumineux et de vous fournir des rapports d’essais contenant les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • Luminance ponctuelle
  • Luminance moyenne par zone définie
  • Uniformité dans la zone
  • Contrastes entre différentes zones
  • Pixels morts
  • Réflexion
  • MTF

Les performances optiques de l’œil humain en terme de résolution et de sensibilité aux contrastes peuvent être appréciées par une seule et même fonction : la Fonction de Transfert de Modulation  (FTM) en français ou «Modulation Transfert Function – MTF » en anglais. C’est une fonction qui donne une présentation synthétique du contraste et de la résolution d’un système optique.

Le laboratoire de PISÉO réalise ainsi des mesures de cette donnée qui se révèle très importante pour évaluer la qualité de tout système d’imagerie.

Distribution spectrale et mesures colorimétriques

Les mesures de distribution spectrale et colorimétriques d’écrans et de surfaces lumineuses sont réalisées de manière ponctuelle au moyen d’un spectroradiomètre et d’une sonde déportée que l’on vient appliquer sur la surface à caractériser.

Aussi, l’utilisation d’un spectroradiomètre permet une mesure de l’ensemble du spectre lumineux émis puis par calcul de déterminer de manière de manière extrêmement précise les caractéristiques colorimétriques mesurées (point de couleur).

Équipements de mesure

  • Sphères intégratrices Instrument Systems 2m et GL Optik 50cm
  • Spectroradiomètre Instrument Systems CAS 120 et 140CT

Mesures de flicker sur écran

Le flicker caractérise le scintillement des écrans ou de toute source de lumière. A certaines fréquences, il peut donc être perceptible par l’œil humain.

Ce phénomène dépend de la conception électronique et s’avère être une caractéristique discriminante de la qualité du système.

Doté de l’équipement adéquat, le laboratoire de PISÉO vous propose des mesures de flicker sur les écrans en accord avec les normes internationales IDMS, ISO 9241-305, IEC 62288

Équipements de mesure pour écran

  • Photomètre Westboro Photonics PF 501 A 5Mpx, dynamique de 0.01cd/m² jusqu’à 100 Mcd/m²
  • Source de luminance
  • Flickermètre Admesy Asteria
  • Objectifs 50mm, grand angle, macro
  • Logiciel de traitement et d’analyse Photometrica
mesure luminance et uniformité

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]]> Optical system failure analysis https://piseo.fr/en/optical-consulting-engineering-posts/our-skills/failure-analysis-of-systems/ Fri, 03 Jul 2020 14:55:30 +0000 https://piseo.fr/?p=2732 Optical/photonic systems integrate many electronic components and subsystems that can be sources of breakdowns and failures when they are poorly adapted to the conditions of use or poorly integrated. Drawing on their skills and the technical means in their laboratory, PISÉO experts can identify the root causes of system failures and propose solutions to improve […]

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]]> Optical/photonic systems integrate many electronic components and subsystems that can be sources of breakdowns and failures when they are poorly adapted to the conditions of use or poorly integrated.

Drawing on their skills and the technical means in their laboratory, PISÉO experts can identify the root causes of system failures and propose solutions to improve their reliability.

Identification of causes of failures

There can be many causes of failure in electronic and electrical systems. Our know-how and technical means allow us to provide the following services:

? Visual observation of and reproduction of defects.

? Dismantling of products and visual analysis of electronic components and board design and manufacturing.

? Optical, electrical, thermal measurements.

? Analysis of construction and materials used.

? X-ray analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM microscopy.

? Production of an independent analysis report presenting the probable causes of failure and recommendations for improvement.

Electrical failure

An installer of lighting fixtures turned to PISEO because he was confronted with operating failures on ribbons integrating colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

The failure noted was that certain segments of these ribbons no longer showed any illumination. After several fruitless searches, our client turned to PISEO’s experts to understand the cause of the problem and to find a solution with the manufacturer of the lighting equipment.

Our experts carried out an analysis of the entire system including LEDs, printed circuits, power supplies, digital multiplex (DMX) control, mechanical construction and heat sink. We verified the operating points of the LED components, and their electrical and thermal measurements. PISEO carried out visual observations with an image magnification device. Our experts were thus able to demonstrate that the malfunction observed was due to the failure of certain LEDs, itself caused by an electrical overvoltage external to the system.

failure system LED

This analysis revealed the probable causes of the failure. At the end of this work, we submitted an independent expert report to the customer.

Failure due to poor design

A distributor of LED lamps and lighting asked us to appraise a lighting device in which a certain number of LEDs were no longer lighting up.

During their analysis, the PISEO experts found that the design of the product did not correspond to the state of the art and involved risks.

Indeed, they were able to observe that by heating, the expansion of the LED printed circuit boards (PCBs) caused mechanical stress. This led to buckling and detachment of the PCBs.

The measurements carried out by thermal camera showed in particular that the chains of LEDs present where the PCB was peeling off also presented abnormally high temperatures, thus leading to the failure of certain LEDs. In this case, the design of the product could be called into question because the solutions implemented by the manufacturer did not take into account the phenomena of expansion of the PCBs during the operation of the product.

FAILURE THERMAL SYSTEM

Thermal failure

We know the lifetime of a single LED based on manufacturer data but this duration can vary depending on how it is integrated into a product. Some manufacturers may neglect this point and the consequences are often failures in installations.

Based on electrical and thermal measurements and extrapolation calculations, it appears that the temperatures in LED, PCB, resin, and plastic materials regularly generate failures such as those observed in the PISEO laboratory.

This was the case for a public lighting manufacturer who entrusted us with their thermal problem accompanied by a drop in flux over time.

Between the design and the production of the prototype, abnormally excessive temperatures had been noted by the customer.

After an in-depth study, the PISEO experts were able to identify that the main difference between the calculated configuration and the measured configuration was linked to the confinement of the heatsink caused by the presence of the power supply electronics support plate. This confinement limited air movement by convection and reduced the heat dissipation capacity of the cooler. The measurements taken show that the heatsink is about 20% less efficient than expected for this reason. By reconsidering the architecture ‘under the hood’, it should be possible to improve this thermal issue.

Failure of photo-chemical origin

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A swimming pool lighting device manufacturer was confronted with a phenomenon of browning of the silicone coating the LEDs, which ensure the sealing of its products. After consulting the LED manufacturer, who was unable to provide an answer, the product manufacturer turned to PISEO to find the cause of the failure.

During their analysis and in particular the disassembly of several products, the PISEO experts found that the silicone was not always correctly cross-linked and hardened and that it included a seal containing sulphur. However, non-crosslinked silicone exposed to optical radiation and in the presence of sulphur loses its transparency and changes color after a certain time. Thanks to their expertise in materials, optics and design of optronic systems, PISEO’s experts succeeded in identifying the cause of the failure. Our customer was thus able to improve his product and obtain a very significant commercial success internationally.

OPTICAL SYSTEM FAILURE

Test means

Binocular

Photometric and radiometric test benches

Fast oscilloscopes – Multimeters

Thermal camera and thermocouples

X-ray test bench – Electron microscopes – FTIR spectroscopy

on-site readings

PISEO also has the know-how and measuring equipment to take measurements on your worksites and in your establishments. These include illuminance readings, luminance readings, unified glare readings (UGR), contrasts, and photobiological risk. These measurements are relevant to normative and regulatory requirements such as EN 12464-1, EN 13201, EN 62471 and NF X35-103.

In the context of a dispute or an acceptance report, a measurement report from an impartial, independent and accredited laboratory (scope available on www.cofrac.fr) can be decisive.

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]]> On-site photometry and radiometry measurements https://piseo.fr/en/optical-laboratory/lighting-installation-diagnostics/ Fri, 03 Jul 2020 14:03:33 +0000 https://piseo.fr/?p=2730 PISÉO experts use their expertise in photometry and radiometry measurements to conduct on-site measurements. For this, they follow recognized and accepted test methods using their calibrated mobile measurement equipment (spectroradiometers, luxmeters, video-luminance meters). Some tests cannot be conducted in the laboratory but must be performed on-site, such as measuring the conformity of a light installation […]

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]]> PISÉO experts use their expertise in photometry and radiometry measurements to conduct on-site measurements.

For this, they follow recognized and accepted test methods using their calibrated mobile measurement equipment (spectroradiometers, luxmeters, video-luminance meters).

Some tests cannot be conducted in the laboratory but must be performed on-site, such as measuring the conformity of a light installation in an office, or the glare affecting a driver on the road, for example.

These measurements make it possible to independently verify the compliance of lighting installations and industrial processes using artificial optical radiation with the regulations and standards in force.

Optical risk from UV to IR

European regulations include provisions to protect people from the risks induced by potentially dangerous radiation.

In the professional field, employers must respect the legislation and implement means to protect employees against such exposure. To do this, they first need to assess the optical risks related to the working conditions based on the international regulations and standards in force.

Thanks to their skills and using their mobile test platform,  PISÉO experts are able to carry out on-site optical risk assessments in order to report on the exposure of employees to artificial UV VIS or IR radiation and enable employers to take adequate measures to prevent these risks.

Following these assessments, PISÉO can also assist you in reducing the optical risk in all these situations by advising on suitable protective measures (PPE, cowling, modification of radiation sources).

Risque-optique-UV-1

Compliance and performance of road lighting

A statement on a lighting installation (LED or conventional) can make it possible to check compliance with the specifications and to identify the cause of user discomfort (insufficient lighting, glare). It can also enable comparative evaluations of innovations, for example, a new coating.

This type of service is part of the research on improvements to public lighting, roads, access to buildings, etc. Its purpose is to help architects, design offices, and communities or energy syndicates to develop comfortable and effective solutions for users.

Cities are testing different solutions to reduce the energy consumption of public lighting. This also involves the development of new coatings.

To highlight the improvements made by these new coatings in terms of visual perception and safety for users, PISÉO carries out measurements of lighting, uniformity, and luminance before and after the implementation of these new coatings. These measurements could also make it possible to determine whether reducing energy emitted by road lighting while maintaining the luminance is possible, thus saving energy.

Services provided for this type of test:

– Lighting and luminance readings on-site, at night, before and after application of a new coating.

– Assessment of luminance and illuminance levels and calculation of uniformity according to the requirements of standard EN 13201-2.

– Evaluation of the effect of coating on luminance performance.

– Evaluation and comparison of the results with the photometric data provided by the manufacturer.

The PISÉO test report allows its customers to validate or not the usefulness of such solutions.

PISÉO has carried out many other on-site measurement services, including:

• luminance and uniformity on billboards (mapping of luminance in cd/m2)

• flow and visual contrast on podo-tactile panels at tram stations

• average illuminance and luminance in tunnels

• illumination and luminance on the motorway network

luminance autoroute

Office lighting diagnostic

In many offices, new or not, some employees complain of annoying, dazzling lighting or, conversely, lighting too dark to work in comfortably.

The applicable labor code decree 2006-1658 and AFNOR standards NF X35-103 and NF EN 12464-1 regulate lighting in professional offices.

PISÉO is able to carry out compliance tests and submit a desk-by-desk report to certify regulatory lighting at work.

Tests carried out as part of an office lighting installation:

o On-site spectral measurements, readings of illumination, stroboscopic effect, and luminance.

o Image processing and production of luminance and UGR values for each appraised area.

o Processing of illumination and luminance values and calculation of contrasts.

Phosphor coating performance

There is increasing development of means of lighting that consume less energy. Phosphorescent floor markings are typical examples.

These must also be checked, not only for their ability to illuminate but also for the duration of this luminance, in other words, the persistence, which can be characterized in the laboratory.

The PISÉO laboratory travels to the site to take readings at various times of the night to perform luminance measurements and analyze the performance of these coatings.

routephosphorescente

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